Song of Solomon 5:9

Authorized King James Version

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What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? what is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us?

Original Language Analysis

מַה H4100
מַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 1 of 10
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved H1730
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved
Strong's: H1730
Word #: 2 of 10
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved H1730
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved
Strong's: H1730
Word #: 3 of 10
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
הַיָּפָ֖ה O thou fairest H3303
הַיָּפָ֖ה O thou fairest
Strong's: H3303
Word #: 4 of 10
beautiful (literally or figuratively)
בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים among women H802
בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים among women
Strong's: H802
Word #: 5 of 10
a woman
מַה H4100
מַה
Strong's: H4100
Word #: 6 of 10
properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved H1730
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved
Strong's: H1730
Word #: 7 of 10
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved H1730
מִדּ֔וֹד What is thy beloved
Strong's: H1730
Word #: 8 of 10
(figuratively) to love; by implication, a love-token, lover, friend; specifically an uncle
שֶׁכָּ֖כָה that thou H3602
שֶׁכָּ֖כָה that thou
Strong's: H3602
Word #: 9 of 10
just so, referring to the previous or following context
הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ dost so charge H7650
הִשְׁבַּעְתָּֽנוּ׃ dost so charge
Strong's: H7650
Word #: 10 of 10
to seven oneself, i.e., swear (as if by repeating a declaration seven times)

Analysis & Commentary

What is thy beloved more than another beloved, O thou fairest among women? (mah dodekh midod hayaphah banashim, מַה־דּוֹדֵךְ מִדּוֹד הַיָּפָה בַּנָּשִׁים)—the daughters of Jerusalem challenge the bride to explain what makes her beloved so special. The repeated question (asked twice in this verse) presses for compelling answer. Why this overwhelming devotion? What distinguishes this beloved from all others?

What is thy beloved more than another beloved, that thou dost so charge us? The question isn't hostile but genuinely curious: what makes him worth such desperate seeking? This moment creates apologetic opportunity—the bride must articulate what makes her beloved supremely valuable. This represents the world asking believers: What makes Jesus different from other religious leaders? Why such exclusive devotion? The question invites testimony—explaining Christ's unique worth, compelling beauty, and incomparable love.

Historical Context

The daughters' question reflects genuine curiosity—the bride's passionate seeking has attracted attention. Her lovesickness, public searching, and solemn charge demand explanation. In polytheistic ancient Near East, exclusive devotion to one deity seemed odd—why not hedge bets with multiple gods? The daughters' question parallels the world's question to Christians: why exclusive faith in Christ alone? Early church apologists (Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Augustine) defended Christianity's exclusive claims against pagan pluralism. The Reformers emphasized solus Christus (Christ alone)—salvation through no other name (Acts 4:12). The Puritans taught that believers must be able to articulate why Christ is precious—not just inherited faith but personal, experiential knowledge. Modern readers face renewed religious pluralism—cultural pressure to accept all religious claims as equally valid. The daughters' question invites Christians to give "a reason of the hope that is in you" (1 Peter 3:15).

Questions for Reflection